越冬的牛可能传播杂草种子

Producers who have relocated their cattle out of state for winter feeding this year should consider having a weed management protocol in place when the cattle return.

If you have sent your cattle to areas where there are known Palmer amaranth, 水麻或其他有害或麻烦的杂草问题, it will be important to allow a ‘cleanout period’ upon return. 在这一时期，农田不是首选区域, since weeds like Palmer amaranth are generally more difficult to control in crops compared to bare ground, 牧场或畜栏.

The retention time of potential weed seeds in the gastrointestinal tract is heavily dependent on the digestibility of the diet. 当我们把牛变成绿色, 茂盛的覆盖作物, the passage rate of that feed is high compared to lower digestible forages, 比如草原干草. That does not mean some seeds couldn’t get held up longer in the gastrointestinal tract.

Confining cattle to one area for at least one week upon return is going to be a good practice. 的粪便, 包括粪便, 被褥和洒出或未吃的饲料, 应该放在那个地方并堆肥吗. Composting manure has been shown not only to reduce the volume of manure and kill parasites and pathogens, 也是一种有效的杂草种子管理策略.

Piling manure and turning it five to six times every 10 to 14 days should achieve temperatures between 130-160 degrees Fahrenheit. The high temperatures along with proper pile moisture will kill both large and small weed seeds.

了解更多有关堆肥的知识, 查看NDSU扩展出版物, Composting Animal Manures: A Guide to the Process and Management of Animal Manure Compost at http://tinyurl.com/NDSUCompostingAnimalManures.  

牲畜 owners will want to keep a close eye on the area where the manure is managed to make sure escaped weed seeds that grow in the spring and summer of 2022 are pulled and properly disposed of. Before the plants develop seeds, pull and destroy them by burying them deeply or burning them.

如果生产者打算从那个地区散布堆肥, they will want to closely monitor the area where they spread it and practice similar monitoring and disposal techniques as in the feeding area.

It is not recommended to spread fresh manure on fields if it is known to contain noxious or troublesome weeds. 然而, if producers need to graze before weeds seeds have been passed or if producers need to spread the fresh manure on a field, we recommend spreading weed seed-heavy manure on tame grass pastures or grass hayfields, 因为有更多的选项可以控制它们.

It is never recommended to spread manure on native rangeland. Adding additional nutrients can benefit invasive grass species such as Kentucky bluegrass and smooth brome.

For more information about protocols for bringing your cattle back to North Dakota, 或是有害的杂草, 联系你所在国家的NDSU推广代理. 访问 http://www.ag.z-buy.net/extension/directory  找到你们县的NDSU扩展办事处.

感谢合著者Joe Ikley, NDSU 扩展 Weed Specialist; Zac Carlson, NDSU 扩展 beef cattle specialist; and Miranda Meehan, NDSU 扩展 livestock environmental stewardship specialist.

玛丽凯娜
玛丽.Keena@z-buy.net
推广专员/牲畜环境管理